Network Communication Protocols

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

• Application layer protocol used to transfer web pages on the World Wide Web.
• Works using a client-server model.
• It is a stateless protocol meaning it does not store session information.
• Used for loading websites and transferring web data.
• Default Port: 80 (TCP)

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

• Transport layer protocol that provides reliable and ordered data delivery.
• Establishes a connection before transmission data.
• Uses acknowledgements and error detection to ensure reliability.
• Commonly used by HTTP, FTP and email services.
• No specific port (transport protocol used by many services)

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

• Transport layer protocol that provides fast but unreliable data transmission.
• It does not establish a connection before sending data.
• Faster than TCP but not guarantee delivery or order.
• Commonly used in streaming, gaming and broadcasting.

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

• Routing protocol used to exchange routing information between autonomous system on the Internet.
• Determines how data travels between different networks.
• Critical for global Internet routing.
• Default Port: 179 (TCP)

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

• Maps IP addresses to MAC addresses in a local network.
• Helps devices locate each other in a LAN.
• Maintains an ARP cache for IP-MAC mappings.
• Essentials for packet delivery inside a local network.
• Operates between Layer 2 and Layer 3

IP (Internet Protocol)

• Network layer protocol responsible for addressing and routing packets across networks.
• Uses IP addresses to identify devices.
• Provides connectionless, best-effort delivery.
• Forms the foundations of Internet communication.
• Layer 3 protocol

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)

• Automatically assigns IP addresses and network configuration to devices.
• Provides subnet mask, gateway and DNS information.
• Reduces manual network configuration.
• Simplifies network administration.
• Ports:
• 67 (UDP) - Server
• 68 (UDP) - Client

✔ Learning Tip

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